static boolean getBoolean(byte[] b,
    int off) 
{
        return b[off] != 0;
}

 static char getChar(byte[] b,
    int off) 
{
        return (char) ((b[off + 1] & 0xFF) +
                       (b[off] < <  8));
}

 static double getDouble(byte[] b,
    int off) 
{
        return Double.longBitsToDouble(getLong(b, off));
}

 static float getFloat(byte[] b,
    int off) 
{
        return Float.intBitsToFloat(getInt(b, off));
}

 static int getInt(byte[] b,
    int off) 
{
        return ((b[off + 3] & 0xFF)      ) +
               ((b[off + 2] & 0xFF) < <   8) +
               ((b[off + 1] & 0xFF) < <  16) +
               ((b[off    ]       ) < <  24);
}

 static long getLong(byte[] b,
    int off) 
{
        return ((b[off + 7] & 0xFFL)      ) +
               ((b[off + 6] & 0xFFL) < <   8) +
               ((b[off + 5] & 0xFFL) < <  16) +
               ((b[off + 4] & 0xFFL) < <  24) +
               ((b[off + 3] & 0xFFL) < <  32) +
               ((b[off + 2] & 0xFFL) < <  40) +
               ((b[off + 1] & 0xFFL) < <  48) +
               (((long) b[off])      < <  56);
}

 static short getShort(byte[] b,
    int off) 
{
        return (short) ((b[off + 1] & 0xFF) +
                        (b[off] < <  8));
}

 static  void putBoolean(byte[] b,
    int off,
    boolean val) 
{
        b[off] = (byte) (val ? 1 : 0);
}

 static  void putChar(byte[] b,
    int off,
    char val) 
{
        b[off + 1] = (byte) (val      );
        b[off    ] = (byte) (val  > > > 8);
}

 static  void putDouble(byte[] b,
    int off,
    double val) 
{
        putLong(b, off, Double.doubleToLongBits(val));
}

 static  void putFloat(byte[] b,
    int off,
    float val) 
{
        putInt(b, off,  Float.floatToIntBits(val));
}

 static  void putInt(byte[] b,
    int off,
    int val) 
{
        b[off + 3] = (byte) (val       );
        b[off + 2] = (byte) (val  > > >  8);
        b[off + 1] = (byte) (val  > > > 16);
        b[off    ] = (byte) (val  > > > 24);
}

 static  void putLong(byte[] b,
    int off,
    long val) 
{
        b[off + 7] = (byte) (val       );
        b[off + 6] = (byte) (val  > > >  8);
        b[off + 5] = (byte) (val  > > > 16);
        b[off + 4] = (byte) (val  > > > 24);
        b[off + 3] = (byte) (val  > > > 32);
        b[off + 2] = (byte) (val  > > > 40);
        b[off + 1] = (byte) (val  > > > 48);
        b[off    ] = (byte) (val  > > > 56);
}

 static  void putShort(byte[] b,
    int off,
    short val) 
{
        b[off + 1] = (byte) (val      );
        b[off    ] = (byte) (val  > > > 8);
}