1   /*
    2    * Copyright (c) 1994, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    3    * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
    4    *
    5    * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
    6    * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
    7    * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
    8    * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
    9    * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
   10    *
   11    * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
   12    * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
   13    * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
   14    * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
   15    * accompanied this code).
   16    *
   17    * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
   18    * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
   19    * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
   20    *
   21    * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
   22    * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
   23    * questions.
   24    */
   25   
   26   package java.lang;
   27   
   28   /**
   29    * The class {@code Exception} and its subclasses are a form of
   30    * {@code Throwable} that indicates conditions that a reasonable
   31    * application might want to catch.
   32    *
   33    * <p>The class {@code Exception} and any subclasses that are not also
   34    * subclasses of {@link RuntimeException} are <em>checked
   35    * exceptions</em>.  Checked exceptions need to be declared in a
   36    * method or constructor's {@code throws} clause if they can be thrown
   37    * by the execution of the method or constructor and propagate outside
   38    * the method or constructor boundary.
   39    *
   40    * @author  Frank Yellin
   41    * @see     java.lang.Error
   42    * @jls 11.2 Compile-Time Checking of Exceptions
   43    * @since   JDK1.0
   44    */
   45   public class Exception extends Throwable {
   46       static final long serialVersionUID = -3387516993124229948L;
   47   
   48       /**
   49        * Constructs a new exception with {@code null} as its detail message.
   50        * The cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be initialized by a
   51        * call to {@link #initCause}.
   52        */
   53       public Exception() {
   54           super();
   55       }
   56   
   57       /**
   58        * Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message.  The
   59        * cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be initialized by
   60        * a call to {@link #initCause}.
   61        *
   62        * @param   message   the detail message. The detail message is saved for
   63        *          later retrieval by the {@link #getMessage()} method.
   64        */
   65       public Exception(String message) {
   66           super(message);
   67       }
   68   
   69       /**
   70        * Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message and
   71        * cause.  <p>Note that the detail message associated with
   72        * {@code cause} is <i>not</i> automatically incorporated in
   73        * this exception's detail message.
   74        *
   75        * @param  message the detail message (which is saved for later retrieval
   76        *         by the {@link #getMessage()} method).
   77        * @param  cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
   78        *         {@link #getCause()} method).  (A <tt>null</tt> value is
   79        *         permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
   80        *         unknown.)
   81        * @since  1.4
   82        */
   83       public Exception(String message, Throwable cause) {
   84           super(message, cause);
   85       }
   86   
   87       /**
   88        * Constructs a new exception with the specified cause and a detail
   89        * message of <tt>(cause==null ? null : cause.toString())</tt> (which
   90        * typically contains the class and detail message of <tt>cause</tt>).
   91        * This constructor is useful for exceptions that are little more than
   92        * wrappers for other throwables (for example, {@link
   93        * java.security.PrivilegedActionException}).
   94        *
   95        * @param  cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the
   96        *         {@link #getCause()} method).  (A <tt>null</tt> value is
   97        *         permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or
   98        *         unknown.)
   99        * @since  1.4
  100        */
  101       public Exception(Throwable cause) {
  102           super(cause);
  103       }
  104   
  105       /**
  106        * Constructs a new exception with the specified detail message,
  107        * cause, suppression enabled or disabled, and writable stack
  108        * trace enabled or disabled.
  109        *
  110        * @param  message the detail message.
  111        * @param cause the cause.  (A {@code null} value is permitted,
  112        * and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or unknown.)
  113        * @param enableSuppression whether or not suppression is enabled
  114        *                          or disabled
  115        * @param writableStackTrace whether or not the stack trace should
  116        *                           be writable
  117        * @since 1.7
  118        */
  119       protected Exception(String message, Throwable cause,
  120                           boolean enableSuppression,
  121                           boolean writableStackTrace) {
  122           super(message, cause, enableSuppression, writableStackTrace);
  123       }
  124   }